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ChatGPT & Generative A.I.

Bias & Fake Citations

Bias and artificial hallucination (fake citations/references - references created by A.I.) exist within all A.I. You'll have to use A.I. literacy to double-check your citations if you use any generative A.I. for your research. 

A.I. literacy includes:

  • The ethical use of A.I. (why and when, and awareness of issues such as data ownership, privacy, legality, and hidden labor),
  • Knowledge of A.I. affordances (what are the capabilities and limitations of each A.I. tool; A.I. over 1000 AI tools are available),
  • How to work effectively with A.I. tools (A.I. has how to formulate practical questions, construct good prompts, called "prompt engineering" and refinement strategies),
  • How to evaluate the output (thinking, critique, and evaluative judgment are essential skills regardless), and finally,
  • Use and integrate these tools into your practices for study and work purposes. (Source: Mathew Hillier, Why does ChatGPT generate fake references? 2023)

Image Credit: McKinsey & Company, 2019

Laws & Regulation

Some countries have created laws for protections against A.I. Learn more about these laws below.

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